Asian Nursing Research
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Pages 90-98, June 2009

Depression and PTSD in Pashtun Women in Kandahar, Afghanistan

  • Sung-Man Shin, DSc

      Affiliations

    • School of Counselling Psychology and Social Welfare, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
    • ,
  • Hyun Jeong Kim, DClinPsy

      Affiliations

    • School of Counselling Psychology and Social Welfare, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
    • ,
  • Lina Liw, BA

      Affiliations

    • The Center for International Area Studies, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
    • ,
  • Sungjae Kim, PhD, PMHNP, RN

      Affiliations

    • College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Sungjae Kim, PhD, PMHNP, RN, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 28 Yeongeon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea

Received 22 May 2009; received in revised form 25 May 2009; accepted 4 June 2009.

Article Outline

Objectives

The objectives were (a) to establish prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Afghanistan and, (b) to investigate sociodemographic and quality of life variables, which predict depression and PTSD.

Methods

Translated versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Quality of Life Inventory were administered to 125 Pashtun women in Kandahar, and statistically analyzed.

Results

Approximately half of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, and more than half of the participants exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Education and income showed significant associations with PTSD symptoms or depression. The way one spends time, general health status, and general feeling towards life predicted low levels of depression and PTSD.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of depression and PTSD indicate the continuing need for mental health intervention. While education has been found to be a protective factor for mental health in previous studies, the relationship between education and mental health appear to be more complex among Afghan women. Quality of life variables could be further investigated and incorporated into mental health interventions for Afghan women.

Key Words:  Afghanistan , depression , mental health , post-traumatic stress disorder , quality of life , women

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PII: S1976-1317(09)60020-7

doi:10.1016/S1976-1317(09)60020-7

Asian Nursing Research
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Pages 90-98, June 2009

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