Asian Nursing Research
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 116-124, September 2007

Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Congenital Heart Disease

  • Sunhee Lee, RN, MSN

      Affiliations

    • PhD Candidate, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Sunhee Lee, RN, MSN, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
  • ,
  • Ji-Soo Yoo, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
  • ,
  • Il-Young Yoo, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

Article Outline

Purpose

The main purposes of this study were to examine the relationships among uncertainty, social support and parenting stress in mothers of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to identify the factors related to parenting stress.

Methods

This was a survey study using a questionnaire. Fifty-one mothers of children with CHD were recruited at the pediatric cardiac outpatient clinic at one university-affiliated hospital in Seoul between July 14th and September 25th, 2006. Abidin's Parenting Stress Index–Short Form, Mishel's Parents' Perception Uncertainty in Illness Scale, and Brandt and Weinert's Personal Resource Questionnaire were used to collect data.

Results

The results of bivariate analysis showed that parenting stress was significantly related to social support, ambiguity, lack of clarity, and lack of information, but was not related to unpredictability, one of the subconcepts of uncertainty. Multiple regression analysis showed that parenting stress was significantly related to social support and Internet information.

Conclusion

Mothers who reported they had more social support and less uncertainty showed lower parenting stress. Also, the Internet could be an effective method to obtain information and to share child-rearing experiences with other mothers of children with CHD.

Key Words:  congenital heart disease , parenting , stress , uncertainty

No full text is available. To read the body of this article, please view the PDF online.

 

Back to Article Outline

References 

  1. Abidin RR . Parenting Stress Index: Short Form . Charlotteville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press; 1990;
  2. Abidin RR . Parenting Stress index . Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1995;
  3. Aytch LS , Hammond R , White C . Seizures in infants and young children: an exploratory study of family experiences and needs for information and support . The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing . 2001;33:278–285
  4. Boman K , Lindahl A , Bjork O . Diseaserelated distress in parents of children with cancer at various stages after the time of diagnosis . Acta Oncologica . 2003;42:137–146
  5. Carey LK , Nicholson BC , Fox RA . Maternal factors related to parenting young children with congenital heart disease . Journal of Pediatric Nursing . 2002;17:174–183
  6. Chessa M , DeRosa G , Pardeo M , Negura DG , Butera G , Giambetri A , et al.   What do parents know about the malformations afflicting the hearts of their children? . Cardiology in the Young . 2005;15:125–129
  7. Cheuk DKL , Wong SMY , Choi YP , Chau AKT , Cheung YF . Parents' understanding of their child's congenital heart disease . Heart . 2004;90:435–439
  8. Clare MD . Home care of infants and children with cardiac disease . Heart & Lung . 1985;14:218–222
  9. Davies S , Hall D . “Contact a family”: Professionals and parents in partnership . Archives of Disease in Childhood . 2005;90:1053–1057
  10. DeMaso DR , Beardslee WR , Silbert AR , Fyle DC . Psychological functioning in children with cyanotic heart defects . Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics . 1990;84:1881–1890
  11. Horner T , Liberthson R , Jellinek MS . Psychosocial profile of adults with complex congenital heart disease . Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2000;75:31–36
  12. Kim, D. H. (1997). A comparative study of parenting stress between mothers of normal neonate and low birth weight neonate. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  13. King G , Stewart D , King S . Organizational characteristics and issues affecting the longevity of self-help groups for parents of children with special needs . Qualitative Health Research . 2000;10:225–241
  14. Lee HJ . Congenital heart disease after childhood–experience of “Grown up Congenital Heart Clinic (GUCH Clinic)” . Korean Circulation Journal . 2001;31:537–541
  15. Lee H , Kim MH , Jung JW , Kim SH , Choi BY . Prevalence of congenital heart disease from the elementary student heart disease screening program . Korean Journal Preventive Medicine . 2001;34:427–436
  16. Linde LM . Psychiatric aspects of congenital heart disease . The Psychiatric Clinics of North America . 1982;5:399–406
  17. Linde LM , Rasof B , Dunn OJ , Rabb E . Attitudinal factors in congenital heart disease . Pediatrics . 1966;38:92–101
  18. Mattie-Luksic M , Javornisky G , DiMario FJ . Assessment of stress in mothers of children with severe breath-holding spells . Pediatrics . 2000;106:1–5
  19. Mishel MH . Parents' perception of uncertainty concerning their hospitalized child . Nursing Research . 1983;32:324–330
  20. Mishel MH . Reconceptualization of the uncertainty in illness theory . Journal of Nursing Scholarship . 1990;22:256–262
  21. Mishel MH . Uncertainty in illness scale manual . Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina; 1997;
  22. Peterson C , Harbaugh BL . Children's and adolescents' experiences while undergoing cardiac catheterization . Maternal-Child Nursing Journal . 1995;23:15–25
  23. Sparacino PSA , Tong EM , Messias DKH , Foote D , Chelsia CA , Gilliss CL . The dilemmas of parents of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease . Heart & Lung . 1997;26:187–195
  24. Suh MH , Oh K . A study of well-being in caregiver for chronically ill family members . Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing . 1993;23:467–486
  25. Van Dongen-Melman JE , Pruyn JF , DeGroot A , Koot HM , Hahlen K , Verhulst FC . Late psychosocial consequences for parents of children who survived cancer . Journal of Pediatric Psychology . 1995;20:567–586
  26. Van Horn M , DeMaso DR , Gonzalez-Heydrich J , Ericson JD . Illness-related concerns of mothers of children with congenital heart disease . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry . 2001;40:847–854
  27. Weinert C . A social support measure: PRQ 85 . Nursing Research . 1987;36:273–277

PII: S1976-1317(08)60014-6

doi:10.1016/S1976-1317(08)60014-6

Asian Nursing Research
Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 116-124, September 2007