Asian Nursing Research
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Pages 68-82 , June 2007

Thinking in Clinical Nursing Practice: A Study of Critical Care Nurses' Thinking Applying the Think-Aloud, Protocol Analysis Method

  • Kyung-Ja Han, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Kyung-Ja Han, RN, PhD, Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
    • ,
  • Hesook Suzie Kim, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
    • ,
  • Mae-Ja Kim, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
    • ,
  • Kyung-Ja Hong, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
    • ,
  • Sungae Park, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
    • ,
  • Soon-Nyoung Yun, RN, PhD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
    • ,
  • Misoon Song, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
    • ,
  • Yoenyi Jung, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
    • ,
  • Haewon Kim, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Gangreung, Gangwon do, Korea
    • ,
  • Dong-Oak Debbie Kim, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
    • ,
  • Heejung Choi, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, Korea
    • ,
  • Kyungae Kim, RN, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

References 

  1. Azzarello J . Knowledge structure and problem representations: How do novice and expert home care nurses compare? . Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research . 2003;4:26
  2. Benner P . From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice . Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley; 1984;
  3. Buckingham CD , Adams A . Classifying clinical decision making: A unifying approach . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 2000;32:981–989
  4. Buckingham CD , Adams A . Classifying clinical decision making: Interpreting nursing intuition, heuristics and medical diagnosis . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 2000;32:990–998
  5. Bucknall T , Thomas S . Clinical decision-making in critical care . Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing . 1995;13:10–17
  6. Bucknall T . The clinical landscape of critical care: Nurses' decision-making . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 2003;43:310–319
  7. Chi MTH . Quantifying qualitative analyses of verbal data: A practical guide . The Journal of the Learning Sciences . 1997;6:271–315
  8. Christie LA . Expertise in nurses' clinical judgments: The role of cognitive variables and experience. (Doctoral dissertation, The University of British Columbia) . Dissertation Abstracts International B . 1996;57/12:7718
  9. Cioffi J , Markham R . Clinical decision-making by midwives: Managing case complexity . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 1997;25:265–272
  10. Crutcher RJ . Telling what we know: The use of verbal report methodologies in psychological research . Psychological Science . 1994;5:241–244
  11. de la Cruz FA . Clinical decision-making styles of home healthcare nurses . Journal of Nursing Scholarship . 1994;26:222–226
  12. Ellefsen B , Kim HS , Han KJ . Nursing gaze as framework for nursing practice: A study from acute care settings in Korea, Norway and the USA . Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences . 2007;21:98–104
  13. In:  Elstein AS ,  Shulman LS ,  Sprafka SA editor. Medical problem solving: An analysis of clinical reasoning . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1978;
  14. Ericsson KA , Simon HA . Verbal reports as data . Psychological Review . 1980;87:215–251
  15. Ericsson KA , Simon HA . Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data . Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/MIT Press; 1984;
  16. Ericsson KA , Simon HA . Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data . Revised edition. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/MIT Press; 1993;
  17. Ericsson KA , Simon HA . How to study thinking in everyday life: Contrasting think-aloud protocols with descriptions and explanations of thinking . Mind, Culture, and Activity . 1998;5:178–186
  18. Fowler LP . Clinical reasoning strategies used during care planning . Clinical Nursing Research . 1997;6:349–361
  19. In:  Gilovich T ,  Griffin D ,  Kahneman D editor. Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002;
  20. Greenwood J , Sullivan J , Spence K , McDonald M . Nursing scripts and the organizational influences on critical thinking: Report of a study of neonatal nurses' clinical reasoning . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 2000;31:1106–1114
  21. Hamers JPH , Abu-Saad HH , Halfens RJG . Diagnostic process and decision making in nursing: A literature review . Journal of Professional Nursing . 1994;10:154–163
  22. Harbison J . Clinical decision making in nursing: Theoretical perspectives and their relevance to practice . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 2001;35:126–133
  23. Henry SB , LeBreck DB , Holzemer WL . The effect of verbalization of cognitive processes on clinical decision making . Research in Nursing & Health . 1989;12:187–193
  24. Hicks FD , Merritt SL , Elstein AS . Critical thinking and clinical decision making in critical care nursing: A pilot study . Heart & Lung . 2003;32:169–180
  25. Higuchi KAS , Donald JG . Thinking processes used by nurses in clinical decision making . Journal of Nursing Education . 2002;41:145–153
  26. Hughes J , Parkes S . Trends in the use of verbal protocol analysis in software engineering research . Behavior & Information Technology . 2003;22:127–140
  27. In:  Kahneman D ,  Slovic P ,  Tversky A editor. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1982;
  28. Kim HS . Putting theory into practice: Problems and prospects . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 1993;18:1632–1639
  29. Kremer MJ , Faut-Callahan M , Hicks FD . A study of clinical decision making by certified registered nurse anesthetists . American Association of Nursing Anesthetists Journal . 2002;70:391–397
  30. Lee A , Pennington N . The effects of paradigm on cognitive activities in design . International Journal of Human-Computer Studies . 1994;40:577–601
  31. Marshall SP . Schemas in problem solving . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995;
  32. Newall A , Simon HA . Human problem solving . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1972;
  33. Offredy M . Decision-making in primary care: outcomes from a study using patient scenarios . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 2002;40:532–541
  34. Payne JW . Thinking aloud: Insights into information processing . Psychological Science . 1994;5:241, 245–248
  35. Redden M , Wotton K . Clinical decision making by nurses when faced with third-space fluid shift: How well do they fare? . Gastroenterology Nursing . 2001;24:182–191
  36. Rew L . Intuition in critical care nursing practice . Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing . 1990;9:30–37
  37. Ritter BJ . An analysis of expert nurse practitioners' diagnostic reasoning. (Doctoral dissertation, University of San Francisco) . Dissertation Abstracts International-A . 2000;61/04:1279
  38. Ritter BJ . An analysis of expert nurse practitioners' diagnostic reasoning . Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioners . 2003;15:137–141
  39. Simmons B , Lanuza D , Fonteyn M , Hicks F , Holm K . Clinical reasoning in experienced nurses . Western Journal of Nursing Research . 2003;25:701–724
  40. Thompson C . A conceptual treadmill: the need for ‘middle ground’ in clinical decision making theory in nursing . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 1999;30:1222–1229
  41. Thompson C . Journal of Advanced Nursing Forum: Clinical decision making in nursing: Theoretical perspectives and their relevance to practice–a response to Jean Harbison . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 2001;35:134–137
  42. Watson S . An exploratory study into a methodology for the examination of decision making by nurses in the clinical area . Journal of Advanced Nursing . 1994;20:351–360
  43. White JE , Nativio DG , Kobert SN , Engberg SJ . Content and process in clinical decision-making by nurse practitioners . Journal of Nursing Scholarship . 1992;24:153–158
  44. Wilson TD . The proper protocol: Validity and completeness of verbal reports . Psychological Science . 1994;5:249–252

PII: S1976-1317(08)60010-9

doi: 10.1016/S1976-1317(08)60010-9

Asian Nursing Research
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Pages 68-82 , June 2007

Article Tools